Dried Garlic is garlic dried in a way that it is preserved. Dried garlic is used as an ingredient for any type of food as long as it makes sense. Here is a picture of some dried garlic cloves:
Modified Corn Starch is made by treating starch, causing it to be partially degraded. Modified Starch is used as a stabilizer, thickening agent, or an emulsifier. Starch is modified usually to increase the stability against acid, excessive heat, and freezing. It is also modified to change its texture and to shorten or lengthen gelatinization time. Here is a picture of Modified Starch in a bottle:
The colour they add to the sauce is FD&C No.40 (Allura Red AC) which is a red dye. It is used as a red food dye. Its appearence is a dark read powder. It can be in sodium salts, potassium salt, and calcium salt.
Dried Sweet Potato is well, dried sweet potato. It is where sweet potato is dried then used to compliment food like this sauce. Here is a picture of one:
Fermented Soy Bean Paste is a processed/fermented food product typically made from grounded soybeans. It is usually salty and savoury and is used as a condiment to flavour things up like Hoisin Sauce. Here is a picture of Fermented Soy Bean Paste:
